From incipient island arc to doubly‐vergent orogen: A review of geodynamic models and sedimentary basin‐fills of southern Central America          下载免费PDF全文

Christian Brandes  Jutta Winsemann 《Island Arc》2018,27(5)

Southern Central America is a Late Mesozoic/Cenozoic island arc that evolved in response to the subduction of the Farallón Plate beneath the Caribbean Plate in the Late Cretaceous and, from the Oligocene, the Cocos and Nazca Plates. Southern Central America is one of the best studied convergent margins in the world. The aim of this paper is to review the sedimentary and structural evolution of arc‐related sedimentary basins in southern Central America, and to show how the arc developed from a pre‐extensional intra‐oceanic island arc into a doubly‐vergent, subduction orogen. The Cenozoic sedimentary history of southern Central America is placed into the plate tectonic context of existing Caribbean Plate models. From regional basin analysis, the evolution of the southern Central American island arc is subdivided into three phases: (i) non‐extensional stage during the Campanian; (ii) extensional phase during the Maastrichtian‐Oligocene with rapid basin subsidence and deposition of arc‐related, clastic sediments; and (iii) doubly‐vergent, compressional arc phase along the 280 km long southern Costa Rican arc segment related to either oblique subduction of the Nazca plate, west‐to‐east passage of the Nazca–Cocos–Caribbean triple junction, or the subduction of rough oceanic crust of the Cocos Plate. The Pleistocene subduction of the Cocos Ridge contributed to the contraction but was not the primary driver. The architecture of the arc‐related sedimentary basin‐fills has been controlled by four factors: (i) subsidence caused by tectonic mechanisms, linked to the angle and morphology of the incoming plate, as shown by the fact that subduction of aseismic ridges and slab segments with rough crust were important drivers for subduction erosion, controlling the shape of forearc and trench‐slope basins, the lifespan of sedimentary basins, and the subsidence and uplift patterns; (ii) subsidence caused by slab rollback and resulting trench retreat; (iii) eustatic sea‐level changes; and (iv) sediment dispersal systems.  相似文献   

Sequential radiocarbon measurement of bulk peat for high-precision dating of tsunami deposits     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2017

Dates of tsunami deposits have been used to estimate paleotsunami recurrence intervals in areas affected by these natural events. The depositional age of tsunami deposits is commonly constrained by the radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating of sediments above and below the geological event. However, because of calibration curve fluctuations, the depositional age sometimes has a wide error range. In this study, we conducted millimeter-scale high-resolution radiocarbon measurements of tsunami deposits at Urahoro in southern Hokkaido, Japan. The site faces the Pacific Ocean along the Kuril Trench. Eight event deposits were identified within peat at this site. We took sequential measurements for ¹⁴C dating using bulk peat samples. The results were validated based on comparison with the absolute and radiometric ages of tephra layers. Dating results were further constrained by stratigraphic order using statistical methods. We constrained the depositional age of the paleotsunami deposits better using this method than we did when using conventional methods. We proposed an efficient measurement strategy with respect to the radiocarbon calibration curve. This method is also applicable for other deposits formed by any natural hazard if bulk peat is obtainable so it can contribute to better hazard assessment worldwide.  相似文献   

太山龙泉寺舍利塔边坡地震稳定性研究          下载免费PDF全文

丁学文  李国珍  丁志平  李申  冯凯宇 《地震工程学报》2020,42(6):1632-1640,1722

为了研究太原市太山龙泉寺拟建舍利塔边坡稳定性,对所在场地及外围地形地貌、地层、地质构造、水文条件进行了调查。结合7个探井,确定了塔址所在场地的土质边坡体可能失稳的模式,进行了边坡稳定性分析、计算。结果表明,场地在自然状态下边坡稳定系数为1.37,在烈度为Ⅷ、Ⅸ度地震影响下边坡稳定系数分别为1.24、1.15。根据《建筑边坡工程技术规范》（GB50330-2013）,塔址所在边坡是稳定的,不必对边坡进行处理;其次结合3个探槽揭露,发现场地北侧基岩边坡曾发生过滑动,据其滑动面倾角、滑动量及错断地层特征,认为是一种特殊边坡变形破坏-岩体错落,为崩塌与滑坡之间的中间类型,从现存的地形地貌特征分析,现阶段错落体已趋于基本稳定状态,稳定性较好;最后给出了预防边坡滑动的建议和措施,研究结果可为其他类似边坡场地地震稳定性研究提供参考借鉴。  相似文献   

饱和地基中空沟近场隔振的现场试验与二维半解析边界元分析          下载免费PDF全文

孙连勇  时刚  崔新壮  卢晓峰  宋洋  王兴云  甘晓丽 《世界地震工程》2020,(2):229-240

动力机器运行和车辆行驶等会产生振动污染,危及邻近建筑物安全和干扰精密仪器设备正常运行等。这些振动污染可通过在地基中设置空沟的方式来降低或消除。针对饱和地基上明置动力机器基础的环境振动影响及空沟近场隔振问题,进行了饱和地基上空沟近场隔振的现场试验,并对试验结果进行了无量纲化分析;基于饱和土半解析边界元法,分别推导了动力机器基础环境振动影响和空沟近场隔振的边界元方程;在此基础上,详细研究了空沟对动力机器基础振动影响的隔振效果,分析了空沟深度、宽度和距振源距离对其隔振效果的影响。结果表明:空沟能够有效的降低动力机器基础的环境振动影响;空沟宽度对其隔振效果影响相对较小,而空沟深度对其隔振效果影响较大,为获得较好的隔振效果,空沟深度建议取1倍Rayleigh波波长;空沟距振源距离对其隔振效果也有较大影响,距离越远则隔振效果也越好,当被保护建筑距振源较远时,建议空沟在被保护建筑附近设置。此外,在某些特殊情况下,空沟隔振系统会由于共振现象而出现隔振效果劣化的现象,在工程设计中应予以注意。  相似文献   

Dynamic domain kinematic modelling for predicting interflow over leaky impeding layers     

Menberu Meles Bitew  C. Rhett Jackson  David C. Goodrich  Seth E. Younger  Natalie A. Griffiths  Kellie B. Vaché  Benjamin Rau 《水文研究》2020,34(13):2895-2910

Traditional Boussinesq or kinematic simulations of interflow (i.e., lateral subsurface flow) assume no leakage through the impeding layer and require a no-flow boundary condition at the ridge top. However, recent analyses of many interflow-producing landscapes indicate that leaky impeding layers are common, that most interflow percolates well before reaching the toe slope, and therefore, the downslope contributing length is shorter than the hillslope length. In watersheds characterised by perched interflow over a low conductivity layer through permeable topsoil, interflow with percolation may be modelled with a kinematic wave model using a mobile upslope boundary condition defining the hillslope portion contributing interflow to valleys. Here, we developed and applied a dynamic interflow model to simulate interflow using a downslope travel distance concept such that only the active contributing length is modelled at any time. The model defines a variable active area based on the depth of the perched layer, the topographic slope and the ratio of the hydraulic conductivity of topsoil to that of the impeding layer. It incorporates a two-layer soil moisture accounting water balance analysis, a pedo-transfer function, and percolation and evaporation routines to predict interflow rates in continuous and event-based scenarios. We tested the modelling concept on two sets of data (2-year dataset of rainfall observations for the continuous simulation and a multi-day irrigation experiment for the event simulation) from a 121-m-long open interflow collection trench on an experimental hillslope at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. The continuous model simulation partially represented the observed interflow hydrograph and perched water depth in the experimental hillslope with correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.35, respectively. Model performance improved significantly at event-scale analysis. The modelling approach realistically represents interflow dynamics in hillslopes with leaky impeding layers and can be integrated into catchment-scale hydrology models for more detailed hillslope process modelling.  相似文献   

日本-千岛海沟转折处地震层析成像研究     

郭雨帆  罗佳宏  宫伟  董非非  汤兰荣  查小惠 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(6):639-645

根据P波走时地震数据，使用双差层析成像方法，获得较高分辨率的日本-千岛海沟转折处俯冲带200 km深度内的震源重定位及P波速度结构结果。将日本-千岛海沟转折处俯冲带分为北日本海沟俯冲带及南千岛海沟俯冲带，且200 km深度内太平洋俯冲板块是连续的。最后，结合水深地形数据、断裂特征资料，划分日本-千岛海沟转折处俯冲带的断裂级别。  相似文献   

Focal mechanism solutions and its tectonic significance in the trench of the eastern South China Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱俊江  丘学林  詹文欢  徐辉龙  孙龙涛 《地震学报(英文版)》2005,18(3):280-289

Introduction South China Sea (SCS) is located in the convergence zone between Euro-Asian plate, Pacific plate (Philippine plate) and Indian plate. Interactions of three plates made the crust of this region suffer tectonic stress in many directions and made the South China Sea be in the complex environ-ment of the tectonic stress. There are four different marginal types in the surrounding of the South China Sea: The tectonic zone of the rifting margin in the north of SCS, the NS direct…  相似文献   

Incipient subduction of the Ontong Java Plateau along the North Solomon trench     

A. Taira  P. Mann  R. Rahardiawan   《Tectonophysics》2004,389(3-4):247

The Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) in the western central Pacific is the largest and thickest oceanic plateau and one of a few oceanic plateaus converging on an island arc (Solomon island arc—SIA). To better understand the evolution of the North Solomon trench (NST), active oblique convergence between the OJP and SIA, and late Neogene development of Malaita accretionary prism (MAP), we present 850 km of multichannel seismic reflection data integrated with 7832 km² of IZANAGI side-scan sonar coverage. We have focussed the study at the transition area between the well-defined northwestern end of the North Solomon trench and a diffusely deformed area where the trench is actively propagating in a northwestward direction. The deeper structure beneath the survey area is discussed by Phinney et al. [Oceanic plateau accretion in the Malaita accretionary prism inferred from multi-channel seismic reflection data, this issue] using deeper penetration, multichannel seismic reflection lines. The serial cross sections provided by multichannel seismic profiling combined with the IZANAGI backscattering imagery provides a time series evolution for the development of the North Solomon trench. The main evolutionary stages include (1) the incipient trench in the northern area marked by a diffuse zone of deformation above a broad arch in the crust. Deeper penetration profiles by Phinney et al. show the bulge is related to a deeper decollement fault that is propagating upward and seaward through the crust. (2) The formation of a continuous thrust front in the central area. Deeper penetration profiles by Phinney et al. show this thrust front is surface expression of the same decollement present at depth to the north. The boundary between the surface trace of the thrust and the diffuse area of deformation in the northern area is inferred as a vertical, high-angle tear fault with left-lateral offset. (3) The formation of a deep, elongate trench which controls gravitationally related slumping and sedimentation around the steep edges of the trench fill basin. The areas to the southeast are those that have undergone convergence for the longest period of time and therefore show better developed trench structures and a reduced width of the MAP. Areas to the northwest have undergone convergence for a shorter period of time and show less developed trench structures and a wide area of the MAP.  相似文献   

日本海沟大震与华东地区地震的相关性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

章纯  林命周  蒋淳 《华南地震》2000,20(3):57-63

应用模糊相关方法,研究了日本海沟与我国华东地区地震活动的相关性.计算结果表明:日本海沟地区(35～45°N,140～150°E)MS6.8级以上地震和华东地区(29～34°N,119～124°E)MS4.8级以上地震有较好的相关对应关系;用相关分析方法对华东地区尤其是上海附近地区未来发震的可能性进行了分析,并估算了两地区延迟相关的平均概率.  相似文献   

安徽大别山蛇绿岩特征及其形成的大地构造环境     

徐贵忠 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1989,(2)

在安徽境内大别群中出露一系列镁铁质和超镁铁质岩体,属于“肢解的蛇绿岩”。与大别群建造应属同一造山期产物。它们可能在中元古代末期,因洋壳海域的岩石圈断块沿华北断块南部的大陆边缘的深海沟向北快速俯冲消减,遭到强烈挤压破碎而侵位到大别群不同构造层位中。  相似文献